1972-1975 Citroen DS III 23 (115 Hp)

The Citroën DS 23, produced between 1972 and 1975, represented a refinement of the iconic DS line, continuing the legacy of innovative engineering and distinctive styling that had captivated the automotive world since the original DS’s debut in 1955. Positioned as a mid-range offering within the DS family during its later years, the DS 23 aimed to balance performance and comfort, appealing to buyers seeking a luxurious and technologically advanced vehicle. It was part of the larger DS series, which spanned several engine displacements and trim levels, and served as a flagship for Citroën’s commitment to hydraulic suspension and aerodynamic design. The DS 23 was primarily marketed in Europe, where it competed with other luxury sedans like the Mercedes-Benz W116 and the Peugeot 604.

Technical Specifications

Powertrain & Engine Architecture

The Citroën DS 23 was powered by a 2.3-liter inline-four cylinder engine, designated the M23-623. This engine was a significant upgrade from the earlier 1.9-liter engines used in the DS, offering increased power and torque. The engine featured a cast iron block and an aluminum cylinder head, with a single overhead camshaft operating two valves per cylinder. Fuel delivery was managed by a Solex C32 PHH carburetor, a common setup for European cars of the era. The engine produced 115 horsepower at 5,500 rpm and 183 Nm (135 lb-ft) of torque at 3,500 rpm. The engine was mounted longitudinally in the front of the vehicle, driving the front wheels. The DS 23 was typically equipped with a four-speed manual transmission, although a three-speed automatic transmission was also available, albeit less common. The automatic transmission, while offering convenience, did impact acceleration and fuel economy.

Driving Characteristics

The DS 23 with the manual transmission offered a reasonably spirited driving experience for its time. Acceleration was adequate, with a 0-60 mph time estimated around 12-13 seconds. The four-speed gearbox provided sufficient ratios for both city driving and highway cruising. The automatic transmission version, however, felt noticeably slower, with a more relaxed power delivery. The defining characteristic of the DS 23, like all DS models, was its ride quality. The hydropneumatic suspension system, a Citroën innovation, provided an exceptionally smooth and comfortable ride, absorbing bumps and imperfections in the road with remarkable ease. The steering was light and precise, thanks to the power-assisted rack and pinion system. However, the DS 23’s handling was not particularly sporty, with a tendency towards understeer in corners.

Equipment & Trim Levels

The DS 23 was generally well-equipped for its era, offering a level of luxury and refinement that was uncommon in mainstream vehicles. Standard features included comfortable seating upholstered in cloth or leather (depending on the trim level), a wood-trimmed dashboard, and power-assisted steering. Optional extras included air conditioning, a sunroof, and upgraded audio systems. The DS 23 was available in several trim levels, with the higher trims offering more luxurious appointments and additional features. The interior layout was characterized by its spaciousness and ergonomic design, with a focus on driver comfort. The dashboard featured a comprehensive array of gauges, including a speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge, and coolant temperature gauge.

Chassis & Braking

The DS 23 utilized a monocoque chassis construction, providing a strong and rigid platform. The hydropneumatic suspension system, consisting of self-leveling spheres and dampers, was a key component of the chassis design. This system allowed the vehicle to maintain a constant ride height regardless of load, and provided exceptional ride comfort. The front suspension featured independent double wishbones, while the rear suspension utilized a trailing arm design. Braking duties were handled by disc brakes at the front and drum brakes at the rear. The braking system was hydraulically operated, with power assistance for improved stopping performance. The DS 23’s steering system employed a rack and pinion setup with hydraulic power assistance, providing light and precise steering control.

Market Reception & Comparison

The Citroën DS 23 was generally well-received by automotive critics, who praised its innovative technology, comfortable ride, and distinctive styling. However, some critics noted the car’s relatively high price and complex maintenance requirements. Compared to other DS variants, the DS 23 offered a noticeable performance improvement over the smaller-engined models, such as the DS 19. However, it lacked the outright performance of the DS 21 Injection, which featured fuel injection and a higher output engine. In terms of reliability, the DS 23 was generally considered to be reasonably dependable, although the hydropneumatic suspension system required regular maintenance and could be prone to leaks. Fuel economy was average for a vehicle of its size and era, typically around 20-25 mpg.

Legacy

The Citroën DS 23 remains a highly sought-after classic car today, appreciated for its unique design, innovative technology, and exceptional ride quality. The hydropneumatic suspension system, in particular, is considered a landmark achievement in automotive engineering. While the DS 23’s complex mechanicals can make it challenging to maintain, dedicated owners and specialist workshops continue to support the preservation of these iconic vehicles. The DS 23’s influence can be seen in subsequent Citroën models, as well as in the designs of other luxury cars. In the used car market, well-maintained DS 23s command premium prices, reflecting their rarity and historical significance. The engine, while not known for being a powerhouse, is generally considered durable if properly maintained, and parts availability, while not abundant, is sufficient for dedicated enthusiasts.